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The Basic Process Of Ironmaking

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Jun 11, 2024

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Blast furnace smelting is a continuous production process that reduces iron ore into pig iron. Solid raw materials such as iron ore, coke, and flux are fed into the blast furnace in batches by the furnace top loading device according to the prescribed proportion, and the throat material level is maintained at a certain height. Coke and ore form alternating layered structures inside the furnace.

Pre furnace operation

1, Tasks for furnace operation

1. Using specialized equipment and various tools such as opening machines, mud cannons, and slag blocking machines, the slag and iron ports are opened separately according to the prescribed time (now the slag and iron ports are combined into one), and the slag and iron are released, and then flow into the slag and iron cans through the slag and iron ditch respectively. After the slag and iron are discharged, the slag and iron ports are blocked to ensure the continuous production of the blast furnace.

2. Complete maintenance work on slag, iron mouth, and various specialized equipment in front of the furnace.

3. Produce and repair skimmers, main iron chutes, slag and iron chutes.

4. A series of work related to slag and iron removal, including replacing cooling equipment such as air and slag outlets, and cleaning slag and iron transportation lines.

Basic operating system of blast furnace:

Stable and smooth operation of blast furnace: generally refers to the uniform decrease of furnace burden and gas flow in the furnace, stable and abundant furnace temperature, qualified pig iron, high yield and low consumption.

Operating system: blast furnace operating guidelines developed based on specific conditions of the blast furnace, such as furnace type, equipment level, raw material conditions, production plan, and variety index requirements.

Basic operating system of blast furnace: charging system, air supply system, furnace hearth heating system, and slag making system.

blast furnace

A circular cross-section ironmaking vertical furnace. Use steel plates as the furnace shell, with refractory bricks lining inside the shell. The blast furnace body is divided into five parts from top to bottom: throat, body, waist, belly, and hearth. Due to the good economic indicators, simple process, large production volume, high labor production efficiency, and low energy consumption of blast furnace ironmaking technology, the iron produced by this method accounts for the vast majority of the world's total iron production. During blast furnace production, iron ore, coke, and slag making flux (limestone) are loaded from the top of the furnace, and preheated air is blown in from the tuyere located at the bottom of the furnace along the circumference. At high temperatures, carbon in coke (some blast furnaces also inject auxiliary fuels such as coal powder, heavy oil, natural gas, etc.) burns with oxygen blown into the air to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas. During the process of rising in the furnace, oxygen is removed from the iron ore, thereby reducing it to obtain iron. The refined molten iron is released from the iron mouth. Unreduced impurities in iron ore combine with fluxes such as limestone to form slag, which is discharged from the slag outlet. The generated gas is discharged from the top of the furnace, and after dust removal, it is used as fuel for hot blast stoves, heating furnaces, coke ovens, boilers, etc. The main product of blast furnace smelting is pig iron, as well as by-products such as blast furnace slag and blast furnace gas.

Blast furnace hot blast stove

A hot blast stove is a device used to heat and blow air into a blast furnace, and is an essential component of modern blast furnaces. Raising the air temperature can be achieved through technical measures such as increasing the calorific value of gas, optimizing the structure of hot blast stoves and air supply pipelines, preheating gas and combustion air, and improving the operation of hot blast stoves. Theoretical research and production practice have shown that adopting optimized hot blast stove structures, improving hot blast stove thermal efficiency, and extending hot blast stove lifespan are effective ways to increase air temperature.

Hot metal tanker truck

The molten iron tank truck is used to transport molten iron, realizing the transfer of molten iron between the desulfurization span and the feeding span, or placing it under the mixing furnace for iron tapping in blast furnaces or mixing furnaces.

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